Koosha, M., Yakhabi, M. (2013). Problems Associated with the Use of Communicative Language Teaching in EFL Contexts and Possible Solutions. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1(2), 77-90.
Mansour Koosha; Masoume Yakhabi. "Problems Associated with the Use of Communicative Language Teaching in EFL Contexts and Possible Solutions". International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1, 2, 2013, 77-90.
Koosha, M., Yakhabi, M. (2013). 'Problems Associated with the Use of Communicative Language Teaching in EFL Contexts and Possible Solutions', International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1(2), pp. 77-90.
Koosha, M., Yakhabi, M. Problems Associated with the Use of Communicative Language Teaching in EFL Contexts and Possible Solutions. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 2013; 1(2): 77-90.
Problems Associated with the Use of Communicative Language Teaching in EFL Contexts and Possible Solutions
1Associate Professor, Department of English, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University
2Ph. D Student, Department of English, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University
Abstract
If the target of foreign language teaching is to use the language, communicative language teaching (CLT) seems to be an ideal teaching model. The goal of teaching with this method is to use the language as a medium of communication (Adi, 2012).The application of the communicative approach in teaching English as a foreign language, however, is associated with some problems that can cause the method turn out not to be so much successful and the learning outcome not to be efficient enough. This paper mainly intended to evaluate the problems that may lead to the failure of communicative language teaching in EFL contexts and some possible solutions for such problems. Awareness of these problems and the possible remedies can be helpful for both EFL teachers and learners, providing them with insightful ideas about how to manage their teaching and learning activities for the successful implementation of this method.
Biggs, J. (1997). Teaching across and within cultures: The issue of international students in learning and teaching in higher education: Advancing international perspectives. Proceedings of the HERDSA Conference, Adelaide, South Australia.
Blake, R. (2000). Computer mediated communication: A window on L2 Spanish interlanguage. Language Learning and Technology, 4(1), 120 – 136.
Blin, F. (1999). CALL and the development of learner autonomy. In R. Debski & M. Levy (Eds.), World CALL: Global Perspectives on Computer-Assisted Language Learning (32-37). The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers.
Burnaby, B., & Sun, Y. (1989). Chinese teachers’ views of Western language teaching. TESOL Quarterly,23(7), 219-238.
Carless, D. R. (1999). Large-scale curriculum change in Hong Kong. In C. Kennedy, P. Doyle, & C. Goh, (Eds.), Exploring change in English language teaching (19-29). Oxford: Macmillan Heinemann English Language Teaching.
Chapelle, C. A., & Hegelheimer, V. (2004). The language teacher in the 21st century. In S. Fotos & C.M. Browne (Eds.).New Perspectives on CALL for Second Language Classrooms (17-27). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chau, L., & Chung, C. (1987). Diploma in education graduates’ attitude toward communicative language teaching. Chinese University Educational Journal, 15(3),45-51.
Cheon, H. (2003). The viability of computer mediated communication in the Korean secondary EFL classroom. The Asian EFL Journal,45 (3), 37- 46. Retrieved October 12, 2000 from http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/march03.sub2.php
Chowdhury, M. R. (2000). Colourless green ideas: Teaching grammar in the EFL class: A rethinking. Dhaka University Studies, 58(2), 33-53.
Chowdhury, M. R. (2001). To west or not to west? The question of culture in adopting/adapting CLT in Bangladesh. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 46(1), 183-194.
Echevarria, J., Vogt, M., & Short, D. J. (2004). Making content comprehensible for English learners: The SIOP model (2nded.). New York: Pearson Education.
Edge, J. (1996). Cross-cultural paradoxes in a profession of values. TESOL Quarterly, 30(1), 9-31.
Ellis, G. (1994). The appropriateness of the communicative approach in Vietnam. Unpublished master’s thesis, Australia: La Trobe University.
Ellis, G. (1996). How culturally appropriate is the communicative approach? ELT Journal, 50(3), 213-218.
Ellis. R. (2008). Principles of Instructed Second Language Acquisition. Washington, D.C: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Fullan, M.G. (1991). The new meaning of educational change. London: Cassell.
Glaudini Rosen, N., & Sasser, L. (1997). Sheltered English: Modifying content delivery for second language learners. In M. A. Snow & D. Brinton (Eds.), the content-based classroom: Perspectives on integrating language and content (35-45). White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley Longman.
Goh, C. (1999). Nationwide curriculum innovation: how do we manage change? In C. Kennedy, P. Doyle, & C. Goh, (Eds.), Exploring change in English language teaching (5-19). Oxford: Macmillan Heinemann English Language Teaching.
Gahin, G., & Myhill, D. (2001) The Communicative Approach in Egypt: Exploring the Secrets of the Pyramids. TEFL Journal, 1(2),72-81.
Ghanbari, B, Ketabi, S. (2011). Practicing a Change in an Iranian EFL Curriculum: from Ivory Tower to Reality. Iranian EFL Journal, 7 (6), 9-13.
Ghorbani, M. R. (2008). The washback effect of the university entrance examination on Iranian English teachers’ curricular planning and instruction. Iranian EFL Journal, 2, 60-87.
Grabe, W., & Stoller, F. L. (1997). Content-based instruction: Research foundations. In M. A. Snow & D. Brinton (Eds.), Thecontent-based classroom: Perspectives on integrating language and content (5-21). White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley Longman.
Hadley, G. (1999). Innovative curricula in tertiary ELT: a Japanese case study. The JapaneseLearner, 19 (3), 2-11.
Hedgcock, J. S. (2002). Facilitating access to communities of practice in language teaching: Toward a socioliterate approach to teacher education. Asian EFL Journal, 7 (2), 26-35. Retrieved November 2, 2004, from http://www.asian-efljournal.com/march03.sub2.php.
Holliday, A. (1994). Appropriate methodology and social context. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Horwirz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B, & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 9-12.
Huang S. J., & Liu H.F. (2000). Communicative language teaching in a multimedia language lab. Internet TESL Journal,19(3), 57-66. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from http: //iteslj. Org/ Techniques/ Huang- CompLab.htm.
Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. In J.B. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.). Sociolinguistics (55-67). Harmonds worth, England: Penguin Books.
Jafari Laasaki, F. (2012). The washback effect of university entrance examination (UEE) on Iranian high school EFL pedagogy. Iranian EFL Journal, 11(3), 3-8. Retrieved June 3, 2012, from http://www.iranian-efl-journal.com/June-2012-fjl.php
Kalanzadeh, G. A., & Bakhtiarvand, M. (2011). Perceived problems in usingcommunicative language teaching (CLT) by EFL Iranian teachers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Payame Noor University of Andimeshk, Andimeshk, Iran.
Kern, R. (1996). Computer-Mediated communication: Using e-mail exchanges to explore personal histories in two cultures. In M. Warschauer (Ed.), Tele-collaboration in foreign language learning, (105-119). Honolulu, HI: Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Centre.
Krashen S (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition, Pergamon.
Krashen, S. (1994). The input hypothesis and its rivals. In Ellis, N. (Ed.) Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages, (45-77). London: Academic Press.
Lamie, M. J. (2004). Presenting a model of change. Language Teaching Research, 8 (3), 115-142.
Li, D. (1998). It’s always more difficult than you plan and imagine: Teachers’ perceived difficulties in introducing the communicative approach in South Korea. TESOL Quarterly, 32(4), 677-703.
Li, D. (2001). Teachers’ perceived difficulties in introducing the communicative approach in South Korea. In D. Hall, & A. Hewings, (Eds.), Innovation in English language teaching,
(149-69). London: Routledge.
Leh, A. S. C. (1999). Computer-mediated communication and foreign language learning via electronic mail. Interactive Multimedia Electronic Journal of Computer-Enhanced Learning,11 (5), 29-38. Retrieved October, 10, 2004, from http: //imej. wfu. edu/ articles/ 1999/2/ 08/index.asp.
Lightbown, P.M., & Spada N. (1999). How Languages are Learned (Revised Edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Loughrin-Sacco, S. (1992). More than meets the eye: An ethnography of an elementary French class. Canadian Modern Language Review, 49, 80-101.
Medgyes, P. (1986). Queries from a communicative teacher. ELT Journal,40 (2), 107-12.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning (44), 283 –305.
Norouzi Larsari, V. (2011). Learners' communicative competence in English as a foreign language (EFL). Journal of English and literature, 2(7), 161-165.
Pica, T. (1988). Interactive adjustments as an outcome of NS-NNS negotiated interaction. Language Learning, 38 (3), 45-73.
Pinar, K. (1999). Introducing new course materials. In C. Kennedy, P. Dayle, and C. Goh (Eds.), Exploring change in English language teaching (47-54). Oxford: Macmillan Heinemann English Language Teaching.
Power, T. (2003). Communicative Language Teaching: The appeal and poverty of Communicative Language Teaching.TESOL Quarterly, 25 (7), 87-96. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from http://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/esl0404.html
Poza, L. H. (n. d.). Past failures of and future recommendations for communicative language teaching in Japan. TESL Canada Journal, 5 (1), 35- 47.
Richards, J. C. & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rogers, E., & Everett, M. (1971). Communication of innovation: a cross-cultural approach London: Collier-Macmillan.
Sano, M., & Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Long man Publications.
Strelec, J. (2010). Student centered classrooms. Foreign Language Annuals, 17 (2), 89-93.Retrieved May 6, 2009 from http://gcepbd.ning.com/profiles/blogs/student-centered-classrooms.
Savignon, S. J. (2007). Communicative language teaching (CLT) for the 21st century. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Shield. L., & Weininger M. J. (2004). Collaboration in a virtual world: Group work and the distance language learner. In R. Debski and M. Levy (Eds.). World CALL: Global Perspectives on Computer- Assisted Language Learning (72-83). The Netherlands: Sweets and Zeitlinger Publishers.
Shamin, F. (1996). Learner resistance to innovation in classroom methodology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shumin, K. (1997). Factors to consider: Development of adult EFL students' speaking abilities. English Teaching Forum online, 35 (3), 8-11. Retrieved November 2, 2004, from http://exchanges.state.gov/forum/vols/vol35/no3/p8.htm.
Slater, A. (n.d.). Communicative English teaching in Japanese schools: A personal viewpoint. Foreign Language Annuals, 7 (3), 25-37. Retrieved November 21, 1997, from, http://www. injapan. net/members/godzilla/comm_eng.html
Talebinezhad, M. R. & Aliakbari, M. (2001). Basic assumptions in teaching English as an international language. Internet TESL Journal, 7 (7), 32-37. Retrieved April 14, 2001, from http:/ /www.aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/ Articles/Talebinezhad-EIL.html.
Valdes, A. I., & Jhones, A. C. (1991). Introduction of communicative language teaching in tourism in Cuba. TESL Canada Journal, 8 (2), 57-63.
Warschauer M. (1997). Comparing face-to-face and electronic discussion in the second language classroom. CALICO Journal, 13 (2, 3), 7-25. Retrieved November 2, 2004, from http://www.gse.uci.edu/markw/comparing.html.
Warschauer, M. (1998). Interaction, negotiation, and computer-mediated learning. In M. Clay (Ed.) Practical applications of educational technology in language learning (21-29). Lyon, France: National Institute of Applied Sciences.
Widdowson, H. G. (1998). Context, community, and authentic language. TESOL Quarterly, 32(4), 705-715.
Young, D. (1990). An investigation of students' perspectives on anxiety and speaking. Foreign Language Annuals (23), 539-553.
Zhenhui, R. (2000). Matching teaching styles with learning styles in East Asian contexts. Internet TESL Journal, 7 (7), 85-97. Retrieved April, 12, 2001, from http://iteslj.org/ Techniques/Zhenhui-TeachingStyles.html
Zhenhui, R. (2001). Matching teaching styles with learning styles in East Asian contexts. Internet TESL Journal, 3 (7), 77-86. Retrieved July 2, 2001, from http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Zhenhui-TeachingStyles.htm.1986).
Top